●
Robert Hare
Robert D. Hare, C.M. (born in
Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1934), is a researcher in the field of criminal
psychology. He developed the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-Revised), used to
assess cases of psychopathy. Hare advises the FBI's Child Abduction and Serial
Murder Investigative Resources Center (CASMIRC) and consults for various
British and North American prison services.
Hare received his Ph.D. in
experimental psychology at University of Western Ontario (1963). He is
professor emeritus of the University of British Columbia where his studies
center on psychopathology and psychophysiology. He was invested as a Member of
the Order of Canada on December 30, 2010.
His research led him to The Mask
of Sanity by American psychiatrist Hervey M. Cleckley, which played a pivotal
role in the concept of psychopathy he applied and developed.
In the 1970s he published
Psychopathy: Theory and Research, summarizing the state of the field, and
became internationally influential in reviving and shaping the concept.
Hare's research on the causes of psychopathy focused initially on
whether such persons show abnormal patterns of anticipation or response (such
as low levels of anxiety or high impulsiveness) to aversive stimuli
('punishments' such as mild but painful electric shocks) or pleasant stimuli
('rewards', such as a slide of a naked body).
Hare wrote a popular science bestseller published in 1993 entitled
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us (reissued
1999). He describes psychopaths as 'social predators', while pointing out that
most don't commit murder.
Hare also co-authored the bestselling Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths
Go to Work (2006) with organizational psychologist and human resources
consultant Paul Babiak, is a portrayal of the disruptions caused when
psychopaths enter the workplace.
Hare appeared for several minutes in the 2003/4 award-winning
documentary film The Corporation, discussing whether his criteria for
psychopathy could be said to apply to modern business as a legal personality,
appearing to conclude that many of them would apply by definition.
●
Steve Mann
Steve Mann was born on 1962 in
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He is a researcher and inventor best known for his work on
computational photography, particularly wearable computing and high dynamic
range imaging.
Mann
holds a PhD in Media Arts (1997) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and a B.Sc., B.Eng. and M.Eng. from McMaster University in 1987,1989 and 1992,
respectively. He was also inducted into the McMaster University Alumni Hall of
Fame, Alumni Gallery 2004, in recognition of his career as an inventor and
teacher. While at MIT, in then Director Nicholas Negroponte's words "Steve
Mann ... brought the seed" that founded the Wearable Computing group in
the Media Lab and "Steve Mann is the perfect example of someone ... who
persisted in his vision and ended up founding a new discipline." In 2004
he was named the recipient of the 2004 Leonardo Award for Excellence for his
article "Existential Technology," published in Leonardo 36:1.
He
is also General Chair of the IEEE International Symposium on Technology and
Society, Associate Editor of IEEE Technology and Society, is a licensed
Professional Engineer, and Senior Member of the IEEE.
Many of Mann's inventions pertain to the
field of computational photography:
Chirplet transform, Video Orbits, Comparametric
Equations, Integral
kinematics and integral kinesiology, Hydraulophone, Natural User Interface, Scratch input, an acoustic-based
method of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that takes advantage of the
characteristic sound produced when a finger nail, stick, or other object
strikes or is dragged over a surface, such as a table or wall, Telepointer,
Sensory Singularity, Sousveillance and cyborg-logging, Surveilluminescent wand.
Mann has been referred to as the
"father of wearable computing", having created the first
general-purpose wearable computer, in contrast to previous wearable devices
that perform one specific function such as time-keeping (e.g. wristwatch),
calculations (e.g. wearable abacus), such as Edward O. Thorp and Claude
Shannon's, timing devices concealed in shoes cigarette packs for cheating at a
game of roulette.
●
Sidney Altman
Sidney
Altman was born on 1939 in Montreal, Canada, and he is a Canadian and American molecular
biologist, who is the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R. Cech for their work on the catalytic
properties of RNA.
As Altman reached adulthood, the family's
financial situation had become secure enough that he was able to pursue a
college education. He went to the United States to study physics at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. While at MIT, he was a member of the ice
hockey team. After achieving his bachelor's degree from MIT in 1960, Altman
spent 18 months as a graduate student in physics at Columbia University. Due to
personal concerns and the lack of opportunity for beginning graduate students
to participate in laboratory work, he left the program without completing the
degree. Some months later, he enrolled as a graduate student in biophysics at
the University of Colorado Medical Center. His project was a study of the
effects of acridines on the replication of bacteriophage T4 DNA. He received
his Ph.D. in biophysics from the University of Colorado in 1967 with thesis
advisor Leonard Lerman; Lerman went in 1967 to Vanderbilt University, where Altman
worked briefly as a researcher in molecular biology before leaving for Harvard.
Altman was married to Ann M. Körner
(daughter of Stephan Körner) in 1972. They are the parents of two children,
Daniel and Leah. Having lived primarily
in the United States since departing Montreal to attend MIT in 1958, Altman
became a U.S. citizen in 1984, maintaining dual citizenship as a Canadian
citizen as well.
After receiving his Ph.D., Altman
embarked upon the first of two research fellowships. He joined Matthew
Meselson's laboratory at Harvard University to study a DNA endonuclease
involved in the replication and recombination of T4 DNA. Later, at the MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, Altman started the work
that led to the discovery of RNase P and the enzymatic properties of the RNA
subunit of that enzyme. John D. Smith, as well as several postdoctoral
colleagues, provided Altman with very good advice that enabled him to test his
ideas. "The discovery of the first radiochemically pure precursor to a
tRNA molecule enabled me to get a job as an assistant professor at Yale
University in 1971, a difficult time to get any job at all".
While at Yale, Altman's Nobel Prize work
came with the analysis of the catalytic properties of the ribozyme RNase P, a
ribonucleoprotein particle consisting of both a structural RNA molecule and one
(in prokaryotes) or more proteins.
● Sir Frederick Grant Banting
Sir Frederick Grant Banting, KBE, MC, FRS, FRSC (November 14, 1891 –
February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, physician, painter and
Nobel laureate noted as the first person that used insulin on humans.
In 1923 Banting and John James Rickard Macleod received the Nobel
Prize in Medicine. Banting shared the award money with his colleague, Dr.
Charles Best. As of September 2011, Banting, who received the Nobel Prize at
age 32, remains the youngest Nobel laureate in the area of Physiology/Medicine.
The Canadian government gave him a lifetime annuity to work on his research. In
1934 he was knighted by King George V. In 2004, Frederick Banting was voted
fourth place on The Greatest Canadian.
Frederick Grant Banting
was born in Alliston (Ontario, Canada) on 14 November 1891. He was the
youngest of five children of William Thompson Banting and Margaret Grant. He
completed his studies in Alliston. It began theology at the University of
Toronto, which soon changed medicine. He graduated in 1916.
He was part of the Canadian Army Medical Corps and
participated in the First World War in France. After the end of the war, in
1919, he returned to Canada.
He earned his doctorate in 1922. Soon he was already very
interested in diabetes. Since the late nineteenth century scientists had
noticed the relationship between the pancreas and diabetes. Some studies
indicated that the disease was caused by a deficiency of a hormone secreted by
the islets of Langerhans.Schafer called it "insulin" and supposedly
exercised control over sugar metabolism, so that their absence caused this
increase in blood and urine.He got in touch with J.J.R. Macleod, professor of
physiology at the University of Toronto, who facilitated it necessary to
investigate in his laboratory.In August 1921 they administered insulin from the
islets of Langerhans in diabetic dogs descended checking sugar levels in blood
and urine disappeared and the typical symptoms of the disease.Banting and
Macleod received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1923.In 1930, the Canadian
Parliament granted aid to Banting for the installation of a research laboratory
and he was made an honorary doctor of Toronto General Hospital.
During the Second World War he was head of the medical
section of the National Research Council of Canada.In 1941 he died victim of a
plane crash in Newfoundland.
● Willard S. Boyle
Williard
Sterling Boyle (August 19, 1924 – May 7, 2011) was a Canadian-American physicist, pioneer in the field of laser technology and
co-inventor of the charge-coupled device. On October 6, 2009, it was announced
that he would share the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the invention of
an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor, which has become an electronic
eye in almost all areas of photography".
After receiving his doctorate, Boyle
spent one year at Canada's Radiation Lab and two years teaching physics at the
Royal Military College of Canada. In 1953 Boyle joined Bell Labswhere he
invented the first continuously operating ruby laser with Don Nelson in 1962,
and was named on the first patent for a semiconductor injection laser. He was
made director of Space Science and Exploratory Studies at the Bell Labs
subsidiary Bellcomm in 1962, providing support for the Apollo space program and
helping to select lunar landing sites. He returned to Bell Labs in 1964,
working on the development of integrated circuits.
In 1969, Boyle and George E. Smith
invented the charge-coupled device (CCD), for which they have jointly received
the Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1973, the 1974 IEEE Morris
N. Liebmann Memorial Award, the 2006 Charles Stark Draper Prize, and the 2009
Nobel Prize in Physics. However, Eugene Gordon and Mike Tompsett, two
now-retired colleagues from Bell labs, claim that its application to
photography was not invented by Boyle. The CCD allowed NASA to send clear
pictures to Earth back from space. It is also the technology that powers many digital
cameras today. Smith said of their invention: "After making the first
couple of imaging devices, we knew for certain that chemistry photography was
dead." Boyle was Executive Director of Research for Bell Labs from 1975
until his retirement in 1979. In retirement, he split his time between Halifax
and Wallace, Nova Scotia. In Wallace, he helped launch an art gallery with his
wife Betty, a landscape artist. He was married to Betty since 1947, and had
four children, 10 grandchildren and one great-grandchild. He was appointed a
Companion of the Order of Canada — the award's highest level — on June 30,
2010. In his later years, Boyle suffered from kidney disease, and due to
complications from this disease, died in a hospital in Wallace on May 7, 2011.
● Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg.
Gerhard
Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, PC CC FRSC FRS (December 25, 1904 –
March 3, 1999) was a German-Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist,
who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, "for his contributions to
the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly
free radicals". Herzberg's main work concerned atomic and molecular
spectroscopy. He is well known for using these techniques that determine the
structures of diatomic and polyatomic molecules, including free radicals which
are difficult to investigate in any other way, and for the chemical analysis of
astronomical objects. Herzberg served as Chancellor of Carleton University in
Ottawa, Canada from 1973 to 1980.
Initially, Herzberg considered a career in astronomy, but
his application to the Hamburg Observatory was returned advising him not to
pursue a career in the field without private financial support. After completing high school, Herzberg
continued his education at Darmstadt University of Technology with the help of
a private scholarship. Herzberg completed his Dr.-Ing. degree under Hans Rau in
1928.
Herzberg's most significant award was the 1971 Nobel Prize
in Chemistry, which he was awarded "for his contributions to the knowledge
of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free
radicals". During the presentation speech, it was noted that at the time
of the award, Herzberg was "generally considered to be the world's
foremost molecular spectroscopist."
Herzberg was honoured with memberships or fellowships by a
very large number of scientific societies, received many awards and honorary
degrees in different countries.The NSERC Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for
Science and Engineering, Canada's highest research award, was named in his
honour in 2000. The Canadian Association of Physicists also has an annual award
named in his honour. The Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics is named for him.
He was made a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.
Asteroid 3316 Herzberg is named after him. In 1964 he was awarded the Frederic
Ives Medal by the OSA. At Carleton University, there is a building named after
him that belongs to the Physics and Mathematics/Statistics Departments,
Herzberg Laboratories.
He was born in Kingston, Canada. He studied at the British Columbia
University. He attended MIT in USA and then the London School of Economics,
where he completed his education. In 1956 he received a doctorate at MIT, where
he presented his thesis about international money movements.
